Cancer is considered one of the most serious and complex diseases in the world. According to Cancer Research UK, over 200 types of cancer exist. They are classified based on the type of cells in the body where the disease originates.
Carcinoma is cancer that begins in the skin or the lining of internal organs. Sarcoma originates in supportive tissues such as bones, muscles, fat, and blood vessels. Leukemia starts in blood-forming tissues, particularly the bone marrow, and affects white blood cells.
Lymphoma and myeloma are cancers associated with cells of the immune system. Additionally, cancers related to the brain and spinal cord are categorized as Central Nervous System cancers.
Most Prevalent Cancers in India Currently
Within these main categories, many specific types of cancer are included. In the MHB Bytes podcast aired on February 9, Dr. Jayesh Sharma, a senior surgical oncologist from Raipur, discussed the current situation in detail. According to Dr. Sharma, who has about 25 years of experience, a significant change has been observed in cancer patterns in India over the past few years.
He stated that earlier, cervical cancer was most common among women, and breast cancer ranked second. However, the situation has now changed. Currently, breast cancer is most prevalent among women as well as men. Experts believe that several factors such as changing lifestyles, increasing average age, and reduced breastfeeding duration are responsible for this.
Rising Risk of These Cancers Too
Currently, oral cancer ranks second, primarily associated with chewing tobacco and other addictive habits. Cervical cancer and lung cancer are almost on par in third and fourth place, while colon cancer comes in fifth.
The risk of breast cancer can increase due to factors like increasing age, obesity, menopause, lack of physical activity, alcohol consumption, and family history. According to experts, early detection through timely check-ups, regular self-examinations, and mammography can save lives.
Cervical cancer is mostly associated with HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection. Its risk can be significantly reduced through vaccination and regular screening.
Oral cancer is deeply linked to the consumption of tobacco products like smoking, gutkha, and pan masala. In India, the widespread use of chewing tobacco is considered a major reason for its increasing cases. Lung cancer is also primarily related to smoking.
Meanwhile, an increase in colon cancer cases is being observed in urban areas. Experts attribute this to a low-fiber diet, excessive consumption of processed meat, obesity, physical inactivity, and metabolic problems.
What Experts Say
Cancer is not a sudden disease. Genetic causes, as well as lifestyle and environmental factors, play a significant role in its development. Conditions like tobacco use, obesity, alcohol consumption, lack of physical activity, unbalanced diet, and chronic inflammation can increase the risk of cancer.
